Machiavel: Les Échos’ New Geopolitical Weapon
Interview conducted by Pascale Caron Vivatech 2025 — Paris At the heart of the technological buzz at Vivatech 2025, an unexpected moment took place at Les Échos' booth. Not a demonstration of AI or robotics, but the launch of an ambitious editorial project, simply titled "Machiavel." Far from being just another newsletter, this weekly "strategic...
REF2025: Who Will Win the Data Battle? Europe, Sovereignty, and Cloud Debated
August 28, 2025, REF 2025, Roland-Garros. A high-level panel moderated by Philippe Mabille, Editor-in-Chief of La Tribune, brought together key political and economic figures around a central issue: Europe's digital sovereignty. At a time when 83% of the world's data is stored with three American hyperscalers, one question arises: can we still hope for a...
Digital Dependency: €264 Billion Per Year to the United States—What Can Europe Do?
€264 billion per year. That's the sum European companies inject into the American economy through their purchases of software and cloud services. A recurring cost, invisible at first glance, but heavy with macroeconomic and strategic impacts. The Asterès report takes the measure: Europe buys, the United States captures the value and employment. And if part...
Artificial Power: Anatomy of an Algorithmic Power Grab
A reading of the AI Now Institute's 2025 report in light of entrepreneurial realities by Pascale Caron — for the EntrepreneurIA project Artificial intelligence is not merely a technical revolution. It is first and foremost a reconfiguration of power. The "Artificial Power" report published in June 2025 by the AI Now Institute — directed by...
RAG or Not RAG: Why Long Context Models Make RAG Obsolete
The RAG Myth, or How Companies Tried to Give Their AI a Memory For nearly two years, any discussion about artificial intelligence in business started with the same question: "We're doing RAG, right?" This phrase, which became a ritual in innovation departments, summed up a collective obsession: providing memory to large language models (LLMs) incapable...
Data, Reliability, and Sovereignty: How French Entrepreneurs Are Redefining Trust in the Age of AI
Data: An Asset That Has Become a Matter of Trust Paris – Les Échos. The conference organized by Les Échos, OpinionWay, and Infogreffe, moderated by Charlie Perreau, Head of the Tech-Media-Startups section at Les Échos, brought together executives and experts around a unanimous observation: data is no longer a technical flow, but a strategic asset...